Jokes with past

Cordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions ligam duas palavras ou duas orações independentes (independent clauses), mas devem sempre ligar elementos com a mesma estrutura gramatical, por exemplo: subject + subject; verb phrase + verb phrase; sentence + sentence; clause + clause. Uma coordinating conjunction geralmente posiciona-se entre as orações e, antes dela, usamos vírgula (caso as orações sejam muito pequenas e possuam o mesmo sujeito, a vírgula não é necessária). As coordinating conjunctions são as que se encontram no quadro abaixo:

Conjunção	Indicação / Função
for	explicação
and	adição
nor	liga duas alternativas negativas
but	oposição, contraste
or	alternância
yet	oposição, ressalva
so	mostra que a segunda ideia é o resultado da primeira

O acrônimo FANBOYS pode lhe ajudar a lembrar das Coordinating conjunctions:

For-And-Nor-But-Or-Yet-So

- AND

He lives in Cambridge, and (he)* studies at Harvard University. (Ele mora em Cambridge e estuda na Universidade de Harvard.) We stayed at home and (we)* watched television. (Nós ficamos em casa e assistimos televisão.)

My sister is married and (she)* lives in London.
(Minha irmã é casada e mora em Londres.)

*Quando a coordinating conjunction "and" liga dois verbos que possuem o mesmo sujeito, não é necessário repetí-lo. Isso também ocorre com artigos, pronomes, preposições e outras expressões. Observe os exemplos do quadro:

She sings and she plays the violin. →She sings and plays the violin

He plays tennis and he plays football. → He plays tennis and football.

They have offices in Britain and in France. → They have offices in Britain and France.

We stayed with my brother and my sister. → We stayed with my brother and sister.

The house and the garden were full of people. → The house and garden were full of people.

I've been to Greece and I've been to Turkey. → I've been to Greece and Turkey.

I washed my shirt and I dried my shirt. → I washed and dried my shirt.

Connectors ( Contrast)

CONNECTORS

Contrast

. but / yet: followed by a noun phrase or a sentence.

‘The book is short but / yet interesting’

. in spite of / despite: It is placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.

‘He arrived on time despite / in spite of getting up late’

although / though/ even though / in spite of the fact that: followed by a complete sentence. They can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. If it is placed at the beginning we need to use a comma after the clause.

‘Although / though / even though / in spite of the fact that the pupils had not studied, they all passed their exams’.

. however, nevertheless, even so, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary:

‘He was quite ill however/ nevertheless/ even so, he went to school’

. while, whereas

‘This film is very interesting, while/whereas that one is quite boring’

Past Progressive

Complete with the past progressive:

1. When I phoned my friends, they(play) monopoly.
2. Yesterday at six I(prepare) dinner.
3. The kids(play) in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.
4. I(practise) the guitar when he came home.
5. We(not / cycle) all day.
6. While Aaron(work) in his room, his friends(swim) in the pool.
7. I tried to tell them the truth but they(listen / not) .
8. What(you / do) yesterday?
9. Most of the time we(sit) in the park.

Exercises Simple Past

 

Put the verbs into the simple past:

1. Last year I (go) to England on holiday.
2. It (be) fantastic.
3. I (visit) lots of interesting places. I (be) with two friends of mine .
4. In the mornings we (walk) in the streets of London.
5. In the evenings we (go) to pubs.
6. The weather (be) strangely fine.
7. It (not / rain) a lot.
8. But we (see) some beautiful rainbows.
9. Where (spend / you) your last holiday?

Write the past forms of the irregular verbs.

Infinitive		Simple Past
1.	meet	.
2.	drive	.
3.	speak	.
4.	put	.
5.	write	.
6.	sing	.
7.	do	.
8.	sit	.
9.	stand	.
10.	run	.

Complete the table in simple past.

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
He wrote a book.
	He did not sing
		Was she pretty?

Put the sentences into simple past.

1. We move to a new house. →
2. They bring a sandwich. →
3. He doesn't do the homework. →
4. They sell cars. →
5. Does he visit his friends? →

Write sentences in simple past.

1. Janet / miss / the bus →
2. she / tidy / her room →
3. Nancy / watch / not / television→
4. she / read / a book →

Verbs relalated to parts of the body

blink	eyes	wink the eye; close eye rapidly without conscious effort; link wink but not intended	He blinked rapidly as he tried to see in the bright sun.
glance	eyes	a quick look at something or someone	He glanced at the documents and gave his OK.
stare	eyes	a long penetrating look at something or someone	He stared at the painting on the wall for over ten minutes.
wink	eye	close eye rapidly with a conscious effort; like blink but intended	He gave me a wink to signal that he understood.
point	finger	spot or show something with the finger	He pointed to his friend in the crowd.
scratch	finger	scrape the skin	If something itches then you probably need to scratch it.
kick	foot	strike with the foot	He kicked the ball into the goal.
clap	hands	applaud	The audience clapped enthusiastically at the end of the concert.
punch	hands	to strike with a fist	Boxers try to knock out their opponents by punching them in the face.
shake	hands	move back and forth; greeting when seeing someone	He shook the present to see if he could understand what was inside.
slap	hands	strike with an open hand	Don't ever slap a child, no matter how angry you become.
smack	hands	similar to slap	He slapped the table hard to emphasize the point he had just made.
nod	head	to move the head up and down	He nodded his approval of what the candidate was saying as he was listening.
shake	head	to move the head from side to side	He shook his head violently to show his disagreement with what she was saying.
kiss	lips	touch with the lips	He sweetly kissed his wife as they toasted their fiftieth wedding anniversary.
whistle	lips / mouth	make a sound by blowing air through the lips	He whistled his favorite tune as he drove to work.
eat	mouth	to introduce food into the body	He usually eats lunch at noon.
mutter	mouth	to speak softly, often in a manner which is hard to understand	He muttered something about how difficult his boss was and went back to work.
talk	mouth	to speak	They spoke about old times and the fun they had had together as children.
taste	mouth	to perceive flavor with the tongue	He tasted the vintage wine with relish.
whisper	mouth	to speak softly, usually without voice	He whispered his secret into my ear.
breathe	mouth	to respire; take air into the lungs	Just breathe that wonderful morning air. Isn't it fantastic!
smell	nose	to sense through the nose; to give scent	Roses smell wonderful.
sniff	nose	short inhalation, often to smell something	He sniffed the various perfumes and decided on Joy No. 4.
shrug	shoulder	raise the shoulders, usually to show indifference to something	He shrugged when I asked him to explain why he had arrived late.
bite	mouth	grip with the teeth and introduce into the mouth	He took a big bite out of the fresh apple.
chew	mouth	grind food with the teeth	You should always chew your food thoroughly before swallowing.
stub	toe	strike one's toe into something	He stubbed his toe on the door.
lick	tongue	draw tongue across something	He licked his ice-cream cone contentedly.
swallow	throat	send down the throat, usually food and drink	He swallowed his food even though he wasn't hungry.

The feeling wheel

Overview Time tenses

tense	Affirmative/Negative/Question	Use	Signal Words
Simple Present	A: He speaks. N: He does not speak. Q: Does he speak?	action in the present taking place once, never or several times facts actions taking place one after another action set by a timetable or schedule	always, every …, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually if sentences type I (If I talk, …)
Present Progressive	A: He is speaking. N: He is not speaking. Q: Is he speaking?	action taking place in the moment of speaking action taking place only for a limited period of time action arranged for the future	at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now
Simple Past	A: He spoke. N: He did not speak. Q: Did he speak?	action in the past taking place once, never or several times actions taking place one after another action taking place in the middle of another action	yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday if sentence type II (If I talked, …)
Past Progressive	A: He was speaking. N: He was not speaking. Q: Was he speaking?	action going on at a certain time in the past actions taking place at the same time action in the past that is interrupted by another action	when, while, as long as
Present Perfect Simple	A: He has spoken. N: He has not spoken. Q: Has he spoken?	putting emphasis on the result action that is still going on action that stopped recently finished action that has an influence on the present action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking	already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
Present Perfect Progressive	A: He has been speaking. N: He has not been speaking. Q: Has he been speaking?	putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result) action that recently stopped or is still going on finished action that influenced the present	all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week
Past Perfect Simple	A: He had spoken. N: He had not spoken. Q: Had he spoken?	action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration)	already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day if sentence type III (If I had talked, …)
Past Perfect Progressive	A: He had been speaking. N: He had not been speaking. Q: Had he been speaking?	action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action	for, since, the whole day, all day
Future I Simple	A: He will speak. N: He will not speak. Q: Will he speak?	action in the future that cannot be influenced spontaneous decision assumption with regard to the future	in a year, next …, tomorrow If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her, she will help you.) assumption: I think, probably, perhaps
Future I Simple(going to)	A: He is going to speak. N: He is not going to speak. Q: Is he going to speak?	decision made for the future conclusion with regard to the future	in one year, next week, tomorrow
Future I Progressive	A: He will be speaking. N: He will not be speaking. Q: Will he be speaking?	action that is going on at a certain time in the future action that is sure to happen in the near future	in one year, next week, tomorrow
Future II Simple	A: He will have spoken. N: He will not have spoken. Q: Will he have spoken?	action that will be finished at a certain time in the future	by Monday, in a week
Future II Progressive	A: He will have been speaking. N: He will not have been speaking. Q: Will he have been speaking?	action taking place before a certain time in the future putting emphasis on the course of an action	for …, the last couple of hours, all day long
Conditional I Simple	A: He would speak. N: He would not speak. Q: Would he speak?	action that might take place	if sentences type II (If I were you, I would go home.)
Conditional I Progressive	A: He would be speaking. N: He would not be speaking. Q: Would he be speaking?	action that might take place putting emphasis on the course / duration of the action
Conditional II Simple	A: He would have spoken. N: He would not have spoken. Q: Would he have spoken?	action that might have taken place in the past	if sentences type III (If I had seen that, I would have helped.)
Conditional II Progressive	A: He would have been speaking. N: He would not have been speaking. Q: Would he have been speaking?	action that might have taken place in the past puts emphasis on the course / duration of the action

 

List of verbs - Past tense

List of verbs

Infinitive (infinitivo)	Simple Past (Passado)	Translation (Tradução)
to arise	arose	surgir, erguer-se
to awake	awoke	despertar
to be	was, were	ser, estar
to bear	bore	nascer
to beat	beat	bater
to become	became	tornar-se
to begin	began	começar
to bet	bet	apostar
to bite	bit	morder
to bleed	bled	sangrar
to blow	blew	soprar
to break	broke	quebrar
to bring	brought	trazer
to build	built	construir
to burn	burnt (burned)	queimar
to buy	bought	comprar
to catch	caught	Caçar, pegar
to choose	chose	escolher
to come	came	vir
to cost	cost	custar
to cut	cut	cortar
to dig	dug	cavar
to do	did	fazer
to draw	drew	desenhar
to drink	drank	beber
to drive	drove	dirigir
to eat	ate	comer
to fall	fell	cair
to feed	fed	dar de comer
to feel	felt	sentir
to fight	fought	lutar
to find	found	encontrar
to fly	flew	voar
to forbid	forbade	proibir
to forget	forgot	esquecer
to forgive	forgave	Desculpar-se
to forsake	forsook	abandonar
to freeze	froze	congelar
to get	got	receber; conseguir; obter; adquirir...
to give	gave	dar
to go	went	ir
to grow	grew	crescer
to have	had	ter
to hear	heard	ouvir, escutar
to hide	hid	esconder, ocultar
to hit	hit	bater, ferir
to hold	held	segurar
to hurt	hurt	machucar
to keep	kept	manter
to know	knew	saber, conhecer
to lead	led	conduzir, comandar
to lend	lent	emprestar
to lose	lost	perder
to make	made	fazer, criar
to meet	met	encontrar
to pay	paid	pagar
to put	put	colocar
to read	read	ler
to ride	rode	andar, passear
to ring	rang	tocar (sino, campainha)
to rise	rose	levantar, erguer
to run	ran	correr
to say	said	dizer
to see	saw	ver
to sell	sold	vender
to send	sent	enviar
to shut	shut	fechar
to sleep	slept	dormir
to speak	spoke	falar, dizer
to swim	swam	nadar
to take	took	pegar
to teach	taught	ensinar
to tell	told	dizer
to think	thought	pensar, acreditar
to throw	threw	jogar, arremessar
to win	won	ganhar
to write	wrote	escrever