Cordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions ligam duas palavras ou duas orações independentes (independent clauses), mas devem sempre ligar elementos com a mesma estrutura gramatical, por exemplo: subject + subject; verb phrase + verb phrase; sentence + sentence; clause + clause. Uma coordinating conjunction geralmente posiciona-se entre as orações e, antes dela, usamos vírgula (caso as orações sejam muito pequenas e possuam o mesmo sujeito, a vírgula não é necessária). As coordinating conjunctions são as que se encontram no quadro abaixo:

Conjunção	Indicação / Função
for	explicação
and	adição
nor	liga duas alternativas negativas
but	oposição, contraste
or	alternância
yet	oposição, ressalva
so	mostra que a segunda ideia é o resultado da primeira

O acrônimo FANBOYS pode lhe ajudar a lembrar das Coordinating conjunctions:

For-And-Nor-But-Or-Yet-So

- AND

He lives in Cambridge, and (he)* studies at Harvard University. (Ele mora em Cambridge e estuda na Universidade de Harvard.) We stayed at home and (we)* watched television. (Nós ficamos em casa e assistimos televisão.)

My sister is married and (she)* lives in London.
(Minha irmã é casada e mora em Londres.)

*Quando a coordinating conjunction "and" liga dois verbos que possuem o mesmo sujeito, não é necessário repetí-lo. Isso também ocorre com artigos, pronomes, preposições e outras expressões. Observe os exemplos do quadro:

She sings and she plays the violin. →She sings and plays the violin

He plays tennis and he plays football. → He plays tennis and football.

They have offices in Britain and in France. → They have offices in Britain and France.

We stayed with my brother and my sister. → We stayed with my brother and sister.

The house and the garden were full of people. → The house and garden were full of people.

I've been to Greece and I've been to Turkey. → I've been to Greece and Turkey.

I washed my shirt and I dried my shirt. → I washed and dried my shirt.

Connectors ( Contrast)

CONNECTORS

Contrast

. but / yet: followed by a noun phrase or a sentence.

‘The book is short but / yet interesting’

. in spite of / despite: It is placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.

‘He arrived on time despite / in spite of getting up late’

although / though/ even though / in spite of the fact that: followed by a complete sentence. They can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. If it is placed at the beginning we need to use a comma after the clause.

‘Although / though / even though / in spite of the fact that the pupils had not studied, they all passed their exams’.

. however, nevertheless, even so, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary:

‘He was quite ill however/ nevertheless/ even so, he went to school’

. while, whereas

‘This film is very interesting, while/whereas that one is quite boring’

Past Progressive

Complete with the past progressive:

1. When I phoned my friends, they(play) monopoly.
2. Yesterday at six I(prepare) dinner.
3. The kids(play) in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.
4. I(practise) the guitar when he came home.
5. We(not / cycle) all day.
6. While Aaron(work) in his room, his friends(swim) in the pool.
7. I tried to tell them the truth but they(listen / not) .
8. What(you / do) yesterday?
9. Most of the time we(sit) in the park.